Types of GTD
Benign
•    Hydatidiform mole/molar pregnancy (complete or incomplete)
malignant
•    Invasive mole
•    Choriocarcinoma (chorioepithelioma)
•    Placental site trophoblastic tumor

    The term Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors  has been applied the latter three conditions
    Arise from the trophoblastic elements
    Retain the invasive tendencies of the normal placenta or  metastasis
    Keep secretion of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Hydatidiform Mole
 (molar pregnancy)

Definition and Etiology
     Hydatidiform mole is a pregnancy characterized by vesicular swelling of placental villi and usually the absence of an intact fetus.
     The etiology of hydatidiform mole remains unclear, but it appears to be due to abnormal gametogenesis and fertilization
   

Definition of PPH
• be defined as a blood loss exceeding 500ml after delivery of the infant

• PPH: occurs in 24 hour of delivery
• the late PPH: occurs after 24 hour of delivery to 6 weeks

Major causes
• Uterine atony (90%)
• lacerations of the genital tract(6%)
• retained placenta(3%-4%)
• coagulation defects (blood dyscrasia)

• (4T: tone, tissue,trauma,thrombin)

1. Uterine atony
Local factors
• overdistention of the uterine (hydramnios, multiple pregnancy, macrosomia )
• condition that interfere with contraction(leiomyomas)
• complications(PIH,anaemia, placenta praevia

Systemic factors:
• nervous
• drugs(magnesium sulfate,sedative)
• abnormal labor(prolonged,precipitous)
• History of previous PPH
• Preeclampsia, abnormal placentation,

pathology
•

Cataract associated with ocular diseases:
Complicated Cataract : is due to disturbance of the nutrition of lens due to inflammatory or degenerative disease of anterior and /or posterior segment of the eye like iridocyclitis, cilitis, pars planitis, choroiditis, myopic degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment, other retinal pigmentory dystrophies etc.

►    A non-descript opacity develops in cortex which usually progresses and mature.
►    In inflammatory or degenerative condition of posterior segment, opacification usually starts in the posterior part of the cortex in the axial region (posterior cortical cataract or posterior subcapsular cataract)

►    Cataract has characteristic breadcrumb appearance and